Bash Common Commands
Files
list files
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ls
list all files
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ls -la
create file
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touch <file_name>
rename file
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mv <file_name> <new_file_name>
copy file
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cp <file_name> <file_name>
delete file
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rm -f <file_name>
print file contents
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cat <file_name>
scroll long file
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less <file_name>
print first N lines
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head -<n_lines> <file_name>
print last N lines
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tail -<n_lines> <file_name>
search for filename’s location
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locate <file_name>
search for program’s location
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which <program_name>
search for a file, containing a string
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find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep "<search_string>"
Folders
show current folder
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pwd
list sub-folders
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ls -d */
change directory
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cd <directory_name>
change to home folder
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cd ~
create folder
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mkdir <folder_name>
rename folder
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mv <folder_name> <new_folder_name>
delete folder
1
rmdir <folder_name>
File / Folder Permissions
list permissions
1
ls -la
set executable
1
chmod +x <file_name>
set ownership
1
chown -R <user_name> <folder_name>
Environmental Variables
print existing variables
1
printenv
set variable
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export VAR_NAME="hello"
print variable
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echo $VAR_NAME
remove variable
1
unset VAR_NAME
Scripting
set script to be executable
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chmod +x ./script_name.sh
set the executable flag on all .sh files
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find ./ -name "*.sh" -exec chmod +x {} \;
run script
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./script_name.sh
run script, but keep environmental variables
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. ./script_name.sh
source ./script_name.sh
associative arrays
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@see http://www.artificialworlds.net/blog/2012/10/17/bash-associative-array-examples/
Networking
list network adapters (Debian, Ubuntu, Kali)
1
ifconfig -a
list network adapters (Redhat, Fedora, CentOS)
1
ip link show
flush dns cache (Debian, Ubuntu, Kali Linux)
1
sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean
restart networking (Debian, Ubuntu, Kali Linux)
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sudo service network-manager restart
list all open ports
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sudo netstat -tunlp
nmap <127.0.0.1 | localhost | ip_addr>
find if specific port is open
1
sudo netstat -tunlp | grep <port_number>
list all available hosts, within an ip range
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nmap -sP 192.168.1.1/24
nmap -sP <ip_addr>/<ip_mask>
list all available hosts, within an ip range, on specific ports
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# custom TCP SYN scan
sudo nmap -sP -PS22,3389 192.168.1.1/24
sudo nmap -sP -PS<port_1>,<port_2> <ip_addr>/<ip_mask>
#custom UDP scan
sudo nmap -sP -PU161 192.168.1.1/24
sudo nmap -sP -PU<port_1> <ip_addr>/<ip_mask>
SSH commands
connect
1
ssh <user_name>@<host_name>
connect, on specific port
1
ssh -p <port_number> <user_name>@<host_name>
connect, using keyfile
1
ssh -i <identity_filename> <user_name>@<host_name>
remove ssh key
1
ssh-keygen -R <server_dns> > /dev/null 2>&1;
copy remote file to local
1
scp <user_name>@<server_dns>:<remote_location> <local_location>
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